81% of the Sub-Saharan Africa population was living on less than $2.50 (PPP) per day in 2005, compared with 86% for India. Field, D.J. In Rhodesia, Soviet and Chinese-backed leftist guerrillas of the Zimbabwe Patriotic Front waged a brutal guerrilla war against the country's white government. [153] Its total nominal GDP remains behind that of the United States, China, Japan, Germany, the United Kingdom, India and France. Africa's population is the youngest amongst all the continents;[7][8] the median age in 2012 was 19.7, when the worldwide median age was 30.4. The countries in this table are categorized according to the scheme for geographic subregions used by the United Nations, and data included are per sources in cross-referenced articles. High Human Inequality, as measured by the UNDP's Human Development Report's Index of Human Inequality, further impairs the development of Human Security. Extensive human rights abuses still occur in several parts of Africa, often under the oversight of the state. [165] Guinea is the world's largest exporter of bauxite. In addition, Africa has the largest number of megafauna species, as it was least affected by the extinction of the Pleistocene megafauna. L’Africa è il continente più ricco”. South Africa and Zimbabwe have Test status, while Kenya is the leading non-test team and previously had One-Day International cricket (ODI) status (from 10 October 1997, until 30 January 2014). A small reason was due to the fall in copper prices in 2011, but the bigger reason was that a large amount of the money Zambia borrowed was wasted or pocketed by the elite.[161]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, pp. "African agriculture is at the crossroads; we have come to the end of a century of policies that favoured Africa's export of raw materials and importation of food. Cricket is popular in some African nations. [75], In the early 7th century, the newly formed Arabian Islamic Caliphate expanded into Egypt, and then into North Africa. Abitanti: 1.310.000.000 (stime 2019) Densità: 43 ab/Km². L’Africa meridionale comprende gli stati che occupano la parte meridionale dell’africa. 50 de curiozități despre Africa, și date interesante, Cartography: The true true size of Africa, https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Africa&oldid=14082828, Articole fără note de subsol din septembrie 2015, Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori LCCN, Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori NARA, Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori SELIBR, Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori VIAF, Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori WorldCat-VIAF, Articole Wikipedia cu informații bibliotecare, Creative Commons cu atribuire și distribuire în condiții identice, Mai mult de 1000 de limbi indigene africane, incluzând unele limbi cu zeci de milioane de vorbitori, precum limbile. The Kingdom of Ife, historically the first of these Yoruba city-states or kingdoms, established government under a priestly oba ('king' or 'ruler' in the Yoruba language), called the Ooni of Ife. Città più popolata: Il Cairo (9.295.000 ab., 19.370.000 aggl. [55] They also started making pottery and built stone settlements (e.g., Tichitt, Oualata). (eds.)]. Cameroon, Nigeria, Senegal, Ghana, and Algeria have advanced to the knockout stage of recent FIFA World Cups. https://nostradamus.fandom.com/it/wiki/Stati_africani_per_popolazione [203], Like other aspects of the culture of Africa, the architecture of Africa is exceptionally diverse. [197] Leopold II of Belgium attempted to "civilize" Africans by discouraging polygamy and witchcraft. L'Africa è per estensione il secondo continente del mondo preceduto dall'Asia. The Afrotropical realm and the Saharo-Arabian desert to its north unite the region biogeographically, and the Afro-Asiatic language family unites the north linguistically. [95] The largest powers of West Africa (the Asante Confederacy, the Kingdom of Dahomey, and the Oyo Empire) adopted different ways of adapting to the shift. Ruppel, M.A. For example, 30 percent of the continent's water lies in the Congo basin inhabited by only 10 percent of Africa’s population. The African Union (AU) is a continental union consisting of 55 member states. [57] In West Africa, the wet phase ushered in an expanding rainforest and wooded savanna from Senegal to Cameroon. By Lamar Middleton. Pygmies are the pre-Bantu indigenous peoples of central Africa.[174]. "[199] Fraser and Cole assert that, in Igboland, some art objects "lack the vigor and careful craftsmanship of the earlier art objects that served traditional functions. Until the fifteenth century, these small states were on the periphery of the major Sudanic empires of the era, paying tribute to Songhai to the west and Kanem-Borno to the east. The last 400 years have witnessed an increasing European influence on the continent. During the period from the early 1960s to the late 1980s, Africa had more than 70 coups and 13 presidential assassinations. Africa is the hottest continent on Earth and 60% of the entire land surface consists of drylands and deserts. A significant part of this growth, which is sometimes referred to as Africa Rising, can also be attributed to the facilitated diffusion of information technologies and specifically the mobile telephone. [193] Furthermore, the life expectancy in many parts of Africa is declining, largely as a result of the HIV/AIDS epidemic with life-expectancy in some countries reaching as low as thirty-four years. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom, and New York, NY, USA, pp. 2014. This page displays a table with actual values, consensus figures, forecasts, statistics and historical data charts for - Interest Rate. Algeria, DZ – Algeri. [76], In West Africa, Dhar Tichitt and Oualata in present-day Mauritania figure prominently among the early urban centers, dated to 2,000 BC. Starting in the 16th century, this was driven by trade, including the Trans-Atlantic slave trade, which created large African diaspora populations in the Americas. Between 60 million years ago and 10 million years ago, the Somali Plate began rifting from the African Plate along the East African Rift. The climate of Africa ranges from tropical to subarctic on its highest peaks. [66], An independent centre of civilization with trading links to Phoenicia was established by Phoenicians from Tyre on the north-west African coast at Carthage. [188] Most are of African origin, though some are of European or Asian origin. Around 300 BC the region became more desiccated and the settlements began to decline, most likely relocating to Koumbi Saleh. African dance also known popularly as "Afro" refers mainly to the dance of Sub-Saharan Africa, and more appropriately African dances because of the many cultural differences in musical and movement styles. L'Africa è un continente delimitato dal mar Mediterraneo a Nord, dal Mar Rosso e dall'Oceano Indiano ad est e dall'Oceano Atlantico a ovest. ", Malia Politzer, "China and Africa: Stronger Economic Ties Mean More Migration", "Mobile Phones and Economic Development in Africa", "At Least a Million Sub-Saharan Africans Moved to Europe Since 2010", "World Meteorological Organization Assessment of the Purported World Record 58°C Temperature Extreme at El Azizia, Libya (13 September 1922)", "World Meteorological Organization World Weather / Climate Extremes Archive", Deforestation reaches worrying level – UN, Forests and deforestation in Africa – the wasting of an immense resource, "Nature laid waste: The destruction of Africa", "The influence of European pollution on ozone in the Near East and northern Africa", "Cooperation in International Waters in Africa (CIWA)", Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO (CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO), "Africa's urban population growth: trends and projections", "Rainfall and Water Resources Variability in Sub-Saharan Africa during the Twentieth Century", "Southern African Development Community :: Climate Change Adaptation", "Programme on Climate Change Adaptation, Mitigation in Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA-EAC-SADC)", "Launch of the African Union, 9 July 2002: Address by the chairperson of the AU, President Thabo Mbeki", "OAU Charter, Addis Ababa, 25 May 1963-African Union - Peace and Security Department", "Human Development Reports – United Nations Development Programme", "World Bank Updates Poverty Estimates for the Developing World", "The developing world is poorer than we thought, but no less successful in the fight against poverty", Economic report on Africa 2004: unlocking Africa's potential in the global economy, "Neo-Liberalism and the Economic and Political Future of Africa", "Capitalism – Africa – Neoliberalism, Structural Adjustment, And The African Reaction", "The Number of the Poor Increasing Worldwide while Sub-Saharan Africa is the Worst of All", "Zambia's looming debt crisis is a warning for the rest of Africa", "Africa on the Maps of Global Values: Comparative Analyses, Based on Recent World Values Survey Data", Africa: Developed Countries' Leverage On the Continent, China tightens grip on Africa with $4.4bn lifeline for Guinea junta, "Africa Can Feed Itself in a Generation, Experts Say", "India Will Be Most Populous Country Sooner Than Thought, U.N. Says", "What to do about Africa's dangerous baby boom", Urban world history: an economic and geographical perspective, Pygmies struggle to survive in war zone where abuse is routine, "The Linguistic Prehistory of the Sahara", Naomi Schwarz, "Lebanese Immigrants Boost West African Commerce", "Rising Muslim Power in Africa Causing Unrest in Nigeria and Elsewhere", "World Population by continents and countries – Nations Online Project", "UNAIDS Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic 2012", "The Crisis of Appropriating Identity for African Art and Artists: The Abayomi Barber School Responsorial Paradigm". )[114], The coastline is 26,000 km (16,000 mi) long, and the absence of deep indentations of the shore is illustrated by the fact that Europe, which covers only 10,400,000 km2 (4,000,000 sq mi) – about a third of the surface of Africa – has a coastline of 32,000 km (20,000 mi). Africa's largest country is Algeria, and its smallest country is Seychelles, an archipelago off the east coast. [154], Poverty, illiteracy, malnutrition and inadequate water supply and sanitation, as well as poor health, affect a large proportion of the people who reside in the African continent. By most estimates, well over a thousand languages (UNESCO has estimated around two thousand) are spoken in Africa. [190] Public policy makers in the region are challenged with consideration of the importance of traditional/indigenous health systems and whether their coexistence with the modern medical and health sub-sector would improve the equitability and accessibility of health care distribution, the health status of populations, and the social-economic development of nations within sub-Saharan Africa. In questa zona si trova il più vasto lago africano, il Lago Vittoria e le maggiori montagne del continente : la catena dello Ruwenzori,il Kenya e il Kilimangiaro. In some cases, broader regional styles can be identified, such as the Sudano-Sahelian architecture of West Africa. Prior to the decolonization movements of the post-World War II era, Europeans were represented in every part of Africa. FOCUS - L'Africa si apre, anche a se stessaL’Africa batte un colpo in controtendenza rispetto alle pulsioni protezionistiche che percorrono il sistema del commercio internazionale. This, in turn, decreased the amount of land conducive to settlements and helped to cause migrations of farming communities to the more tropical climate of West Africa. La voce arriva lontana, flebile e, soprattutto, incomprensibile.Ci sono voluti tre giorni per riuscire a stabilire una buona linea che permettesse di capire esattamente tutta la conversazione con il colonnello Placide Niyiturinda, portavoce dell’ala militare del Fronte Democratico per la Liberazione del Ruanda. Nok: African Sculpture in Archaeological Context: p. 21. Botswana, BW – Gaborone. Africa este al doilea continent ca mărime de pe Terra și cel mai populat după Asia. Un continente magnifico e martoriato Quando si pensa alla povertà estrema e alla fame nel mondo, si pensa all'Africa. "The State of Africa" is arranged more or less chronologically, starting with the story of how the Gold Coast broke away from British colonial control and finishing in the penultimate chapter with the transition of power from Mbeki to Zuma in South Africa before a final, brief chapter in which the serial wrongs and excesses of Africa's "Big Men", imposed on their fellow citizens, are reviewed. Under Roman rule, Carthage became the capital of the province it then named Africa Proconsularis, following its defeat of the Carthaginians in the Third Punic War in 146 BC, which also included the coastal part of modern Libya. [186][187] According to the World Book Encyclopedia, Islam and Christianity are the two largest religions in Africa. Today, Africa contains 54 sovereign countries, most of which have borders that were drawn during the era of European colonialism. [130][132]There is significant variation in the rainfall patterns observed in different places and time. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, pp. Independence movements in Africa gained momentum following World War II, which left the major European powers weakened. "[201] On the other hand, Mhoze Chikowero believes that Africans deployed music, dance, spirituality, and other performative cultures to (re)asset themselves as active agents and indigenous intellectuals, to unmake their colonial marginalization and reshape their own destinies."[202]. ... “Le potenze imperialistiche, asserendo di voler costituire stati politicamente indipendenti, creano in realtà degli stati da … [111] Migration from African nations has increased dramatically in the last decade. Condividi questo articolo: Africa: la terra delle stupefacenti differenze, ma la stabilità è lontana, anche a causa del colonialismo. "Definitions of Styles and Genres: Traditional and Contemporary African Music", "Getting to know Africa's flashy basketball arenas", "Drones and satellites spot lost civilizations in unlikely places", Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA), Community of Sahel-Saharan States (CEN / SAD), Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS / EEAC), Southern African Development Community (SADC), Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD), Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), West African Economic and Monetary Union (UEMOA), Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS), Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa (CEMAC), List of countries where Arabic is an official language, Lower Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests, Northwestern Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows, Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt pine–oak forests, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Africa&oldid=1018025574, Wikipedia articles needing factual verification from September 2019, Pages containing links to subscription-only content, CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Phoenician-language text, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2016, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2013, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2020, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Pages using Sister project links with default search, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WorldCat-VIAF identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Massey, in 1881, stated that Africa is derived from the Egyptian, This page was last edited on 15 April 2021, at 22:12. African architecture in some areas has been influenced by external cultures for centuries, according to available evidence. [143][142], In terms of adaptation efforts, regional-level actors are making some progress. Great instability was mainly the result of marginalization of ethnic groups, and graft under these leaders. The powers and authority of the President of the African Parliament derive from the Constitutive Act and the Protocol of the Pan-African Parliament, as well as the inheritance of presidential authority stipulated by African treaties and by international treaties, including those subordinating the Secretary General of the OAU Secretariat (AU Commission) to the PAP. [176][citation needed]. [24][25] This name seems to have originally referred to a native Libyan tribe, an ancestor of modern Berbers; see Terence for discussion. All’inizio di giugno è entrata in vigore l’African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) a seguito della ventiduesima ratifica depositata da uno dei 52 stati firmatari dell’accordo. A major climatic recession occurred, lessening the heavy and persistent rains in Central and Eastern Africa. This includes the development and adoption of several regional climate change adaptation strategies[144] e.g. Most nations in Africa were colonized by European states in the early modern era, including a burst of colonization in the Scramble for Africa from 1880 to 1900. [129] African agriculture is mostly based on rain-fed farming, and less than 10% of cultivated land in the continent is irrigated. About ten years after the 2005 debt crisis in Sub-Saharan Africa was resolved, Zambia fell back into debt. Field, D.J. The definition may also include the art of the African diasporas, such as African American, Caribbean or art in South American societies inspired by African traditions. Climate of personal non-violence 4. L’Africa non è un paese, è un continente intero … 3,5 / 5 (2) Video appunto: Africa ed i suoi stati più importanti. Since this time, dry conditions have prevailed in Eastern Africa and, increasingly during the last 200 years, in Ethiopia. In: Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Yet the continent is the second driest in the world, with millions of Africans still suffering from water shortages throughout the year. In August 2008, the World Bank[155] announced revised global poverty estimates based on a new international poverty line of $1.25 per day (versus the previous measure of $1.00). In the Kalahari Desert of Southern Africa, the distinct people known as the Bushmen (also "San", closely related to, but distinct from "Hottentots") have long been present. [158][159][160], Africa is now at risk of being in debt once again, particularly in Sub-Saharan African countries. Afri, un trib - posibil berber - din nordul Africii, în apropiere de Cartagina; Ultima editare a paginii a fost efectuată la 5 aprilie 2021, ora 16:06. [197], Obidoh Freeborn posits that colonialism is one element that has created the character of modern African art. It is also one of the oldest kingdoms in present-day Nigeria and was ruled by the Eze Nri. Tausch's global value comparison based on the World Values Survey derived the following factor analytical scales: 1. [17][18], Africa, particularly Eastern Africa, is widely accepted as the place of origin of humans and the Hominidae clade (great apes), meaning that Africa has a long and complex history. The peoples of North Africa consist of three main indigenous groups: Berbers in the northwest, Egyptians in the northeast, and Nilo-Saharan-speaking peoples in the east. "[200] Editors F. Abiola Irele and Simon Gikandi comment that the current identity of African literature had its genesis in the "traumatic encounter between Africa and Europe. Breunig, Peter. Occupa gli emisferi a nord e a sud dell'equatore; è bagnata dal mar Mediterraneo a nord, dall'Atlantico a ovest, dal mar Rosso a nord-est e dall'oceano Indiano a est. 1199-1265. [146] In addition, there has been other efforts to enhance climate change adaptation, such as the tripatite Programme on Climate Change Adaptation, Mitigation in Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA-EAC-SADC).[147]. [129] The main source of electricity is hydropower, which contributes significantly to the current installed capacity for energy. Since colonialism, African states have frequently been hampered by instability, corruption, violence, and authoritarianism. În Africa se găsește Nilul, cel mai lung fluviu din lume și Sahara, cel mai mare deșert din lume.Cel mai înalt punct al continentului este Muntele Kilimanjaro din Tanzania (5.895 m), iar cel mai jos punct este lacul Assal situat în micuța țară Djibouti (156 m sub nivelul mării). L’Africa è il secondo continente del mondo per estensione, quello con più Stati (54) e con circa 1200 etnie diverse, ma è anche il più povero e tormentato dai conflitti. Dokken et al. Between 1808 and 1860, the British West Africa Squadron seized approximately 1,600 slave ships and freed 150,000 Africans who were aboard. In numerous countries, English and French (see African French) are used for communication in the public sphere such as government, commerce, education and the media. Most of the rest of the continent became independent over the next decade. The first Roman emperor native to North Africa was Septimius Severus, born in Leptis Magna in present-day Libya—his mother was Italian Roman and his father was Punic. [138] Managing this risk requires an integration of mitigation and adaptation strategies in the management of ecosystem goods and services, and the agriculture production systems in Africa. Around 3500 BC, due to a tilt in the earth's orbit, the Sahara experienced a period of rapid desertification. You might be surprised how many you don’t get right on the first try, but use this online Africa map quiz to study and you will improve. Around that time it also became established in parts of sub-Saharan Africa, either through independent invention there or diffusion from the north[60][61] and vanished under unknown circumstances around 500 AD, having lasted approximately 2,000 years. His successor Askia Mohammad I (1493–1528) made Islam the official religion, built mosques, and brought to Gao Muslim scholars, including al-Maghili (d.1504), the founder of an important tradition of Sudanic African Muslim scholarship. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the vulnerability of Africa to climate change is driven by a range of factors that include weak adaptive capacity, high dependence on ecosystem goods for livelihoods, and less developed agricultural production systems.