", "MEPs elect Barroso to a second term as Commission President", "MEPs agree working relations with Barroso", "Member states to signal broad backing for diplomatic service blueprint", "Backing of MEPs paves way for launch of diplomatic corps", "MEPs follow UK's lead to promote gender equality", "No guarantee EP will back Treaty of Nice", "Budgetary control: 1996 discharge raises issue of confidence in the Commission", "Background Information: Election of the European Commission", "New rules to make it harder for MEPs to form political groups", "Maastricht Treaty 15 years on: birth of the "European Union, "Rules of Procedure of the European Parliament. Solidarity. La aprobación del presupuesto anual, que rige desde el 1 de enero hasta el 31 de diciembre,[22]​ se produce mediante un procedimiento legislativo especial regulado con detalle en el artículo 314 del Tratado de Funcionamiento de la Unión Europea. A number of other Commissioners also had to be withdrawn or reassigned before Parliament allowed the Barroso Commission to take office. To this day the institution's locations are a source of contention. To ensure their free movement to and from the Parliament, they are accorded by their own states the facilities accorded to senior officials travelling abroad and, by other state governments, the status of visiting foreign representatives. [39]​ Estos electores son los únicos ante quienes responden políticamente, de manera periódica, en las elecciones europeas. In 2017, an estimated 17 MEPs were nonwhite,[66] and of these, three were black, a disproportionately low number. [48]​ Igualmente, los eurodiputados que no estén inscritos en ningún grupo político podrán enviar a un representante para que participe en la Conferencia, que tendrá voz, pero no voto. Por ejemplo, en materia de la política agrícola o la política de competencia, el voto del Parlamento no es vinculante; y también la política exterior de la Unión Europea y la cooperación policial y judicial en materia penal tienen carácter intergubernamental. There are a number of other bodies and posts responsible for the running of parliament besides these speakers. Four weeks are allocated as constituency week to allow members to do exclusively constituency work. European political parties have the exclusive right to campaign during the European elections (as opposed to their corresponding EP groups). the Subcommittee on Human Rights) and temporary committees to deal with a specific topic (e.g. The remaining half of the circular chamber is primarily composed of the raised area where the President and staff sit. [1][2][3], Since 1979, the Parliament has been directly elected every five years by the citizens of the European Union through universal suffrage. En su creación se especificará su composición, sus funciones, y la duración de su mandato, que no podrá exceder de doce meses, salvo que transcurrido dicho plazo, el Pleno del Parlamento Europeo conceda una prórroga. In most countries, the protocol of the head of state comes before all others; however, in the EU the Parliament is listed as the first institution, and hence the protocol of its president comes before any other European, or national, protocol. Eccoci qui. Los dos grupos parlamentarios más grandes del parlamento son el del Partido Popular Europeo - Demócratas Europeos (PPE-DE) y el del Partido Socialista Europeo (PSE). [40]​, El presidente del Parlamento Europeo será elegido por mayoría absoluta del Pleno parlamentario, aunque se prevé su elección por mayoría simple a partir de la tercera votación infructuosa. Descrito como uno de los legisladores más poderosos del mundo, ​ el Parlamento Europeo está compuesto por 705 diputados ​ que representan al segundo mayor electorado democrático del mundo (tras el Parlamento de … Instead, interpreters have to convey the political meaning of a speech, regardless of their own views. A separate Assembly was introduced during negotiations on the Treaty as an institution which would counterbalance and monitor the executive while providing democratic legitimacy. [44][45] On 2 July 2018, MEPs rejected proposals to tighten the rules around the General Expenditure Allowance (GEA),[132] which "is a controversial €4,416 per month payment that MEPs are given to cover office and other expenses, but they are not required to provide any evidence of how the money is spent". Dicho procedimiento, que pone en pie de igualdad al Parlamento y al Consejo, será el eje de la función legislativa de las Instituciones. [39], Barroso gained the support of the European Council for a second term and secured majority support from the Parliament in September 2009. There are a few other controls, such as: the requirement of Commission to submit reports to the Parliament and answer questions from MEPs; the requirement of the President-in-office of the Council to present its programme at the start of their presidency; the obligation on the President of the European Council to report to Parliament after each of its meetings; the right of MEPs to make requests for legislation and policy to the Commission; and the right to question members of those institutions (e.g. Le riunioni delle commissioni si svolgono a Bruxelles e durano una o due settimane ogni mese. [71]​ La Secretaría General del Parlamento Europeo y sus servicios administrativos están instalados en Luxemburgo. Presidido por el Secretario General nombrado por la Mesa,[55]​está integrada por más de 4600 funcionarios comunitarios procedentes de los distintos Estados miembros, y escogidos mediante oposiciones en las que se garantiza el principio de igualdad. Its early importance was highlighted when the Assembly was given the task of drawing up the draft treaty to establish a European Political Community. [7], The Parliament also has a great deal of indirect influence, through non-binding resolutions and committee hearings, as a "pan-European soapbox" with the ear of thousands of Brussels-based journalists. Sta categoria ƚa ga rento soło sta sotocategoria cuà . Most requests are already responded to positively. No single group has ever held a majority in Parliament. En las elecciones de 2009, el porcentaje de votantes se situó en el 43 % de los ciudadanos europeos con derecho, oscilando entre el 90 % en Estados miembros como Luxemburgo y Bélgica (donde el voto es obligatorio) y el 20 % en Eslovaquia. Dicho proyecto estará estructurado en una previsión de ingresos y de gastos, y se apoyará en las previsiones que previamente hayan presentado las Instituciones (salvo el Banco Central Europeo) a la Comisión. In 2007, for the first time, Justice Commissioner Franco Frattini included Parliament in talks on the second Schengen Information System even though MEPs only needed to be consulted on parts of the package. Possono votare i cittadini che hanno compiuto 18 anni, fatta eccezione per l’Austria dove l’età minima per votare è di 16 anni. [115], The Parliament has 20 Standing Committees consisting of 25 to 73 MEPs each (reflecting the political make-up of the whole Parliament) including a chair, a bureau and secretariat. [151] The general principles of openness and transparency are reaffirmed in the articles 8 A, point 3 and 10.3 of the Treaty of Lisbon and the Maastricht Treaty respectively, stating that "every citizen shall have the right to participate in the democratic life of the Union. De esta manera, se permite la creación de una Comisión Temporal de Investigación que conozca de una determinada infracción del Derecho Comunitario, o de una mala aplicación de las políticas comunitarias. Il Parlamento ebraico europeo (in inglese European Jewish Parliament o EJP), precedentemente Unione ebraica europea (in inglese European Jewish Union o EJU), è l'assemblea parlamentare istituita a Bruxelles il 16 febbraio 2012, con lo scopo di far rapportare e confrontare tutte le comunità ebraiche europee riunite sotto un'unica entità con le altre istituzioni europee. Igualmente, su firma, junto con la del presidente del Consejo de la Unión Europea, será indispensable para la correcta aprobación formal de un acto legislativo adoptado mediante el procedimiento legislativo ordinario (antigua codecisión). [14]​, El Parlamento Europeo, al igual que las demás instituciones europeas, no estaba diseñado en su forma actual cuando se reunió por primera vez el 10 de septiembre de 1952. Este relativa insignificancia del PE hizo que, durante los años 70, obtuviera la fama de un órgano irrelevante que solo servía para dar cargos a políticos ancianos donde ya no pudieran "molestar". [10][11], The Parliament, like the other institutions, was not designed in its current form when it first met on 10 September 1952. They do not express the view of the European Parliament. The ushers can also occasionally act as a form of police in enforcing the President, for example in ejecting an MEP who is disrupting the session (although this is rare). When a nation joins mid-term, a by-election will be held to elect their representatives. In particular, Parliament can decide whether or not to approve the European Council's nominee for President of the Commission, and is further tasked with approving (or rejecting) the appointment of the Commission as a whole. [18], Despite this, the European Economic Community and Euratom were established in 1958 by the Treaties of Rome. A 2006 report by Alexander Stubb MEP highlighted that by only using English, French and German costs could be reduced from €118,000 per day (for 21 languages then – Romanian, Bulgarian and Croatian having not yet been included) to €8,900 per day. Parlamento Europeo. This movement has received strong backing from numerous figures, including Margot Wallström, Commission First-Vice President from 2004 to 2010, who stated that "something that was once a very positive symbol of the EU reuniting France and Germany has now become a negative symbol – of wasting money, bureaucracy and the insanity of the Brussels institutions". [122], While some see speaking their native language as an important part of their identity, and can speak more fluently in debates, interpretation and its cost has been criticised by some. [116] MEPs also participate in other international activities such as the Euro-Latin American Parliamentary Assembly, the Transatlantic Legislators' Dialogue and through election observation in third countries. In its first reading, Parliament may send amendments to the Council which can either adopt the text with those amendments or send back a "common position". Sometimes, the Liberal Group is then in the pivotal position. [24]​, El Consejo será el primero en pronunciarse acerca del proyecto de presupuesto, remitiendo su posición motivada al Parlamento antes del 1 de octubre. [154], The chair of European Parliament Mediator for International Parental Child Abduction was established in 1987 by initiative of British MEP Charles Henry Plumb, with the goal of helping minor children of international couples victim of parental abduction. [7]​, Ha sido elegido por sufragio universal, directo y secreto cada cinco años desde 1979. La elección de los miembros de las comisiones se produce en el primer periodo de sesiones del Parlamento recién constituido, produciéndose una nueva elección tras dos años y medio. Finalmente, si la mayoría parlamentaria aprobase la introducción de enmiendas al Presupuesto, se convocará automáticamente el Comité de Conciliación. [45]​El presidente podrá disponer de voto de calidad en caso de empate. The Committee on Petitions hears cases, some 1500 each year, sometimes presented by the citizen themselves at the Parliament. For example, the support for post-war Iraq reconstruction, or incentives for the cessation of Iranian nuclear development, must be supported by the Parliament. [122] Citizens may also address the Parliament in Basque, Catalan/Valencian and Galician. [47] However, there are some differences from national legislatures; for example, neither the Parliament nor the Council have the power of legislative initiative (except for the fact that the Council has the power in some intergovernmental matters). Il Parlamento europeo è l’ assemblea legislativa dell’ Unione europea. Además, el Parlamento tiene que dar el visto bueno a acuerdos internacionales importantes tales como la adhesión de nuevos Estados miembros de la UE o acuerdos de asociación y comercio entre la UE y otros países. This is required for the final votes on legislation and also whenever a political group or 30 MEPs request it. En las reformas en los tratados de Ámsterdam 1997 y Niza 2001, el procedimiento de codecisión fue ampliado a la gran mayoría de las materias políticas de la Unión Europea. La Comisión Europea, el órgano ejecutivo de la Unión, es responsable ante el Parlamento. [123], Usually a language is translated from a foreign tongue into a translator's native tongue. I Non iscritti, al Parlamento europeo, sono un gruppo politico formato dagli europarlamentari che non intendono iscriversi ad alcun altro gruppo politico organizzato o che non possono costituirne uno proprio per difetto dei requisiti previsti a tale scopo (dal 2014, l'appartenenza di almeno 25 europarlamentari provenienti da almeno 7 diversi Stati). The chairs of the Committees co-ordinate their work through the "Conference of Committee Chairmen". Hanno approvato la mozi ... Leggi Tutto . Junto al procedimiento legislativo ordinario, también existen otros procedimientos legislativos especiales, que tienen carácter excepcional y solo son aplicables cuando los Tratados expresamente lo indiquen. The nature of the agreement is that of a private contract between parties. Las elecciones europeas de 2009 tuvieron lugar entre el 4 y el 7 de junio de 2009. MEPs had aimed at getting greater oversight over the EEAS by linking it to the Commission and having political deputies to the High Representative. Ogni Stato può avere un minimo di sei seggi e un m… [53] The procedure also depends upon which type of institutional act is being used. Le commissioni permanenti hanno fra le altre cose un ruolo fondamentale nella procedura legislativa ordinaria. Luxembourg City hosts the Secretariat of the European Parliament. [162], Since 2007, the LUX Prize is awarded by the European Parliament to films dealing with current topics of public European interest that encourage reflection on Europe and its future. This has happened six times, most recently when Croatia joined in 2013. The President is allocated a personal usher.[106]. In 1979, its members were directly elected for the first time. [152][153], Article 17 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) lays the juridical foundation for an open, transparent dialogue between European institutions and churches, religious associations, and non-confessional and philosophical organisations. Los trabajos del Parlamento Europeo se ordenan en sesiones anuales, que dan comienzo automáticamente (sin necesidad de convocatoria) el segundo martes de marzo de cada año. The British-based system has the different groups directly facing each other while the French-based system is a semicircle (and the traditional German system had all members in rows facing a rostrum for speeches). [17]​[18]​, Tras el tratado de Lisboa, el procedimiento de codecisión (contenido en el artículo 294 del Tratado de Funcionamiento de la Unión Europea) pasa a denominarse procedimiento legislativo ordinario, consistiendo en la adopción conjunta por el Parlamento Europeo y el Consejo, a propuesta de la Comisión, de un reglamento, una directiva o una decisión de naturaleza legislativa.[19]​. Dirigido a los ciudadanos de la Unión, su contenido está por tanto, accesible en los 23 idiomas oficiales[74]​ y en lengua de signos.[75]​. [41]​Tendrá un mandato renovable de dos años y medio, coincidente con la mitad de la legislatura parlamentaria, que dura cinco años. [22][31][56] Parliament also makes extensive use of its budgetary, and other powers, elsewhere; for example in the setting up of the European External Action Service, Parliament has a de facto veto over its design as it has to approve the budgetary and staff changes. As a result, Maltese and Luxembourgish voters have roughly 10x more influence per voter than citizens of the six large countries. However, immunity cannot be claimed when a member is found committing a criminal offence and the Parliament also has the right to strip a member of their immunity. They were the largest simultaneous transnational elections ever held anywhere in the world. Il 16 ottobre 1973 fu fondato in seno al Parlamento europeo il Gruppo Comunista e Apparentati (COM), che esistette fino alle elezioni europee del 1989, in seguito alle quali il gruppo si divise nella Coalizione delle Sinistre, più vicino a Mosca, e nella Sinistra Unitaria … Durante la sessione plenaria del Parlamento Europeo, dal 3 al 6 febbraio 2014, possiamo realizzare un progetto di fotografia ed edizione a Strasburgo. La cultura política dominante en el Parlamento Europeo, junto con la composición multipartita de la Comisión Europea, hacen que sea difícil hablar estrictamente de grupo gubernamental y oposición. Hay que señalar que no se trata de un procedimiento de iniciativa en el sentido estricto del término, habida cuenta de que tan solo es una solicitud no vinculante a la Institución que posee el verdadero poder de iniciativa. Turnout dropped consistently every year since the first election, and from 1999 until 2019 was below 50%. Despite some MEPs calling for the report to be published, Parliamentary authorities had refused until an MEP broke confidentiality and leaked it. However, Parliament secured only an observer seat. Voting is increasingly split along left-right lines, and the cohesion of the party groups has risen dramatically, particularly in the fourth and fifth parliaments. That is where the European parliament has suddenly come into its own. [98] Voting is conducted primarily by a show of hands, that may be checked on request by electronic voting. [26] Furthermore, the Parliament began holding votes on proposed Commission Presidents from the 1980s, before it was given any formal right to veto. Pursuant to this apportionment, the constituencies are formed. They meet twice a month in public to draw up, amend to adopt legislative proposals and reports to be presented to the plenary. The procedure which has slowly become dominant is the "ordinary legislative procedure" (previously named "codecision procedure"), which provides an equal footing between Parliament and Council. Hasta ahora, el sistema electoral concreto todavía se decide según reglamentos nacionales; sin embargo, antes de las elecciones de 2004 todos los Estados tuvieron que implementar una directiva que prevé una cierta homogeneización. [95], During sessions, members may speak after being called on by the President. L'emisiclo del Parlamento Eoropeo IX legislatura del Parlamento europeo Da Wikipedia, l'enciclopedia libera. The European Parliament (EP) is one of three legislative branches of the European Union and one of its seven institutions. [31]​Asimismo, dependerá del Parlamento la figura del Defensor del Pueblo Europeo, cuyo cometido reside en la protección de las personas físicas y jurídicas pertenecientes a la Unión Europea.[32]​. [40] The liberals gave support after Barroso gave them a number of concessions; the liberals previously joined the socialists' call for a delayed vote (the EPP had wanted to approve Barroso in July of that year). [71] This amendment brought in transitional provisions to allow the 18 additional MEPs created under the Lisbon Treaty to be elected or appointed before the 2014 election. Rule 141: Calling speakers and content of speeches", "Rules of Procedure of the European Parliament. This is because the other political institutions (the Commission, Council and European Council) are located there, and hence Brussels is treated as the 'capital' of the EU. Elections take place across four days according to local custom and, apart from having to be proportional, the electoral system is chosen by the member state. [31], Committees can also set up sub-committees (e.g. of the European Union legislative procedure. [31], When the initial allegations against the Commission emerged, they were directed primarily against Édith Cresson and Manuel Marín, both socialist members. Las comisiones podrán ser permanentes, especiales o de investigación. When in their own state, they have all the immunities accorded to national parliamentarians, and, in other states, they have immunity from detention and legal proceedings. [6] The strongest act is a regulation, an act or law which is directly applicable in its entirety. The two main parties took on a government-opposition dynamic for the first time during the crisis which ended in the Commission resigning en masse, the first of any forced resignation, in the face of an impending censure from the Parliament. "Commission Question Time" every Tuesday). [61]​Dicho proyecto habrá de ser aprobado por el Pleno, si bien, se permite la proposición de modificaciones por parte de una comisión, un grupo político o al menos 40 diputados. [49]​, Como órgano colegiado, sus decisiones se adoptan por consenso, o en su ausencia, por mayoría de votos ponderados en relación al número de escaños del grupo político que represente cada presidente. However, they got broader financial control over the new body. Their daily secretariat can be run either through the office of MEPs or through interest groups, be them corporate lobbies or NGOs. [92] This trend was interrupted in the 2019 election, when turnout increased by 8% EU-wide, rising to 50.6%, the highest since 1994. [165], For the body of the Council of Europe, see, Directly elected parliament of the European Union, The composition of the European Parliament with regard to percental share of deputies for each political group, 1979 to 2019. Los escaños se reparten, por regla general, en proporción con las cifras de población de cada país. [31] Politicisation such as this has been increasing, in 2007 Simon Hix of the London School of Economics noted that:[14]. It is widely used to train statistical machine translation systems.[126]. [46]​, La Mesa se encarga del gobierno interno del Parlamento, desempeñando multitud de funciones, entre las que cabe destacar la elaboración de las previsiones presupuestarias; la organización administrativa y financiera de la Cámara; y la organización de la Secretaría General, así como el nombramiento del Secretario General.[47]​. They include "Interparliamentary delegations" (maintain relations with Parliament outside the EU), "joint parliamentary committees" (maintaining relations with parliaments of states which are candidates or associates of the EU), the delegation to the ACP EU Joint Parliamentary Assembly and the delegation to the Euro-Mediterranean Parliamentary Assembly.
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