He was accused of being antisemitic. Malcom's father named him after the African American activist Malcolm X. Shakespeare's play was based on the true story. In the 1960s, Malcolm X began to grow disillusioned with the Nation of Islam, as well as with its leader Elijah Muhammad. [89] Inside the station, Malcolm X and an attorney were making bail arrangements for two of the Muslims. [22][23], After a short time in Flint, Michigan, he moved to New York City's Harlem neighborhood in 1943, where he found employment on the New Haven Railroad and engaged in drug dealing, gambling, racketeering, robbery, and pimping. In January 1964, Clay brought Malcolm X and his family to Miami to watch him train for his fight against Sonny Liston. The result was the 1972 documentary film Malcolm X. Denzel Washington played the title role in the 1992 motion picture Malcolm X. [69], Besides his skill as a speaker, Malcolm X had an impressive physical presence. "[250], No consensus has been reached on who was responsible for the assassination. [68], During 1955, Malcolm X continued his successful recruitment of members on behalf of the Nation of Islam. That title points to the nature of Malcolm's life and death. They were strolling at about the pace one would expect of them if they were patrolling a quiet park. He stood 6 feet 3 inches (1.91 m) tall and weighed about 180 pounds (82 kg). Malcolm as a boys' name is pronounced MAL-cum. Muhammad advised him to renounce his past, humbly bow in prayer to God, and promise never to engage in destructive behavior again. [316][317] Brooklyn also has El Shabazz Playground that was named after him. To Malcolm X, the desecration of the mosque and the associated violence demanded action, and he used what Louis X (later Louis Farrakhan) later called his "gangsterlike past" to rally the more hardened of the Nation of Islam members to take violent revenge against the police. [87][88] On April 26, Johnson and two other passersby‍—‌also Nation of Islam members‍—‌saw the officers beating an African-American man with nightsticks. [212][213][214], The public viewing, February 23–26 at Unity Funeral Home in Harlem, was attended by some 14,000 to 30,000 mourners. The Marvel Comics writer Chris Claremont confirmed that Malcolm X was an inspiration for the X-Men character Magneto, while Martin Luther King was an inspiration for Professor X. He met Gamal Abdel Nasser of Egypt, Ahmed Sékou Touré of Guinea, and Kenneth Kaunda of the Zambian African National Congress. He is best known for his time spent as a vocal spokesman for the Nation of Islam. [172] After one such speech, when he was asked what political and economic system he wanted, he said he did not know, but that it was no coincidence the newly independent countries in the Third World were turning toward socialism. [301], Malcolm X was an inspiration for several fictional characters. [73], Malcolm X proposed during a telephone call from Detroit in January 1958, and they married two days later. maintaining a regular correspondence with Muhammad. [299] This wave peaked in 1992 with the release of the film Malcolm X,[300] an adaptation of The Autobiography of Malcolm X. According to recent biographies, Malcolm also occasionally had sex with other men, usually for money, though this conjecture has been disputed by those who knew him. Qubilah (b. Malcolm is a very popular first name for men (#355 out of 1220, Top 29%) and also a very popular last name for both adults and children (#3399 out of 150436, Top 2%). [278] When a reporter asked him what he thought about socialism, Malcolm X asked whether it was good for black people. I was a zombie then‍—‌like all [Black] Muslims‍—‌I was hypnotized, pointed in a certain direction and told to march. [84], The American public first became aware of Malcolm X in 1957, after Hinton Johnson,[G] a Nation of Islam member, was beaten by two New York City police officers. These, he said, were instances of other 'chickens coming home to roost'. The Guardian reports that "The arrests kept the two men from managing door security at the Audubon Ballroom in Washington Heights on the day of the shooting, according to the letter. Malcolm is a 1986 Australian cult film comedy, written by the husband-and-wife team of David Parker and Nadia Tass, and directed by Nadia Tass (who made her debut as a feature director on this film). Malcolm v200 Picker - Body Malcolm v200 Picker - Face Malcolm v200 Picker - Outfits Place the malcolm_v200.ma file in a known location. Malcolm X (May 19, 1925–February 21, 1965) was a prominent figure during the Civil Rights era. [206] In prison Johnson, who changed his name to Khalil Islam, rejected the Nation's teachings and converted to Sunni Islam. Both men had reddish hair, so Sanford was called "Chicago Red" after his hometown and Malcolm was known as "Detroit Red". A kind, loyal, respectful guy. ", "Camera shutters clicked. [328], In 1996, the first library named after Malcolm X was opened, the Malcolm X Branch Library and Performing Arts Center of the San Diego Public Library system. [327] Malcolm X Liberation University, based on the Pan-Africanist ideas of Malcolm X, was founded in 1969 in North Carolina. From his adoption of the Nation of Islam in 1952 until he broke with it in 1964, Malcolm X promoted the Nation's teachings. [16] In late 1938 she had a nervous breakdown and was committed to Kalamazoo State Hospital. 1958, named after Attila the Hun);[76][E][F] Malcolm X (born Malcolm Little; May 19, 1925 – February 21, 1965) was an African-American Muslim minister and human rights activist who was a popular figure during the civil rights movement. Among the civil rights leaders attending were John Lewis, Bayard Rustin, James Forman, James Farmer, Jesse Gray, and Andrew Young. He said he was planning to organize a black nationalist organization to "heighten the political consciousness" of African Americans. Years later, Sanford became famous as Redd Foxx. [321] In 2016, Ankara, Turkey, renamed the street on which the U.S. is building its new embassy after Malcolm X. The next day, the, On a radio program in December 1964, Malcolm, English-language sources disagreed whether the street was being renamed Malcolm. The photo still haunts us with what was lost", "1964 Republican Convention: Revolution from the Right", "Black British History: Remembering Malcolm's Visit to Smethwick", "Britain's Most Racist Election: The Story of Smethwick, 50 Years On", "The Malcolm X Project at Columbia University", "Google Commemorates a Very Controversial Civil-Rights Figure, Yuri Kochiyama", "Muslim Man Denies Author's Claim That He Killed Malcolm X", "Malcolm X assassination case may be reopened after Netflix documentary", "Witnessed: The Assassination of Malcolm X", "Must Watch TV: 'Witnessed, The Assassination of Malcolm X, "CNN Hopes to Answer What Really Happened the Night Malcolm X Was Killed", "Harlem Is Quiet as Crowds Watch Malcolm X Rites", "Telegram from Martin Luther King Jr. to Betty al-Shabazz", "Brother Minister: The Martyrdom of Malcolm X", "Release Government Files on Malcolm X Assassination", "Kennedy, King, Malcolm X relatives and scholars seek new assassination probes", "Kennedy and King Family Members and Advisors Call for Congress to Reopen Assassination Probes", "Malcolm X family says letter shows NYPD and FBI conspired in his murder", "Daughter of Former NYPD Officer Says Malcolm X Assassination Letter is Fake", Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience, "Real Life Inspirations Behind Some of the Best Comic Book Villains", "New Hollywood Podcast: Michael B. Jordan Talks How 'Black Panther' Shifted Hollywood's Idea Of Representation", "Empty Lot Holds Dreams for Rowena Moore", "National Register of Historic Places – Nebraska, Douglas County", "We Hold on to Our Kids, We Hold on Tight: Tandem Charters in Michigan", New York City Department of Parks and Recreation, "Boston residents will get to vote on changing the name of Dudley Square. The Village of Malcolm is pleased to welcome you. The Nation of Islam proposed the establishment of a separate country for African Americans in the southern[110] or southwestern United States[271] as an interim measure until African Americans could return to Africa. Malcolm was the seventh of his father's nine children — three by a previous marriage — and his mother's fourth child. Call (951) 687-1300 now! [331] Collections of Malcolm X's papers are held by the Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture and the Robert W. Woodruff Library.[332][333][334]. [105] He called Martin Luther King Jr. a "chump", and said other civil rights leaders were "stooges" of the white establishment. [116] He was largely credited with the group's dramatic increase in membership between the early 1950s and early 1960s (from 500 to 25,000 by one estimate;[I] from 1,200 to 50,000 or 75,000 by another). [315] The name of Reid Avenue in Brooklyn, New York, was changed to Malcolm X Boulevard in 1985. In many parts of the African continent, I saw white students helping black people. Released in 1987, he maintained his innocence until his death in August 2009. In July 2015, state authorities in São Paulo discovered a fraud scheme when it was revealed that Malcom had obtained his driving licence – which usually takes three months of practice – only twenty days after his 18th birthday. The Malcolm Hotel offers an impressive and inspiring destination for business meetings, conferences, retreats and special events in the Alberta Rockies. [41][42], When Malcolm was in prison, he met fellow convict John Bembry,[44] a self-educated man he would later describe as "the first man I had ever seen command total respect ... with words". Dewey, until recently youngest, has a rich fantasy life and a devious streak that has grown with each season. [92] A grand jury declined to indict the officers who beat Johnson. Critic Roger Ebert and film director Martin Scorsese included the film among their lists as one of the ten best films of the 1990s. Malcolm [329], The U.S. [272] He also rejected the civil rights movement's strategy of nonviolence, advocating instead that black people should defend themselves. On February 21, 1965, he was assassinated in New York City. He felt that calling the movement a struggle for civil rights would keep the issue within the United States while changing the focus to human rights would make it an international concern. Throughout 1964, his conflict with the Nation of Islam intensified, and he was repeatedly sent death threats. [57] Muhammad instructed his followers to leave their family names behind when they joined the Nation of Islam and use "X" instead. Attallah (b. [182], On July 9, Muhammad aide John Ali (suspected of being an undercover FBI agent)[183] referred to Malcolm X by saying, "Anyone who opposes the Honorable Elijah Muhammad puts their life in jeopardy. Many will ask what Harlem finds to honor in this stormy, controversial and bold young captain‍—‌and we will smile. [58] In his autobiography, Malcolm X explained that the "X" symbolized the true African family name that he could never know. "[291], In the late 1960s, increasingly radical black activists based their movements largely on Malcolm X and his teachings. Well, I guess a man's entitled to make a fool of himself if he's ready to pay the cost. [55], In 1950, the FBI opened a file on Malcolm after he wrote a letter from prison to President Truman expressing opposition to the Korean War and declaring himself a communist. "[227] The New York Times wrote that Malcolm X was "an extraordinary and twisted man" who "turn[ed] many true gifts to evil purpose" and that his life was "strangely and pitifully wasted. "[249] A few days later Farrakhan denied that he "ordered the assassination" of Malcolm X, although he again acknowledged that he "created the atmosphere that ultimately led to Malcolm X's assassination. [201][202][203][204] These affidavits did not result in the case being reopened. [320] Main Street in Lansing, Michigan, was renamed Malcolm X Street in 2010. Available evidence indicates that about one hundred thousand Negroes have joined the movement at one time or another, but few objective observers believe that the Black Muslims can muster more than twenty or twenty-five thousand active temple people. Many will say turn away‍—‌away from this man, for he is not a man but a demon, a monster, a subverter and an enemy of the black man‍—‌and we will smile. [252] In January 2019, members of the families of Malcolm X, John F. Kennedy, Martin Luther King Jr., and Robert F. Kennedy were among dozens of Americans who signed a public statement calling for a truth and reconciliation commission to persuade Congress or the Justice Department to review the assassinations of all four leaders during the 1960s. Hundreds of streets and schools in the U.S. have been renamed in his honor, while the Audubon Ballroom, the site of his assassination, was partly redeveloped in 2005 to accommodate the Malcolm X and Dr. Betty Shabazz Memorial and Educational Center. A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z.
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